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Catalogue

Modern World Coins

Machine-struck national coinage from the nineteenth century onwards.

1,345–1,392 of 1,985 entries

Onza or eight escudos from Mexico, 1845

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Onza or eight escudos from Mexico, 1845

1845

Gold coin. Obverse: between two tied branches an eagle standing on a cactus plant with spread wings with its head to the right, holding a snake in its beak. Reverse: open book of law, above which an extended arm coming from the right with hand holding an arrow bearing a cap of liberty. In legend mint mark: Mo. and v…

Documented

Partial type record

Oord of Archdukes Albert and Isabella, Dukes of Brabant, 1612

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Oord of Archdukes Albert and Isabella, Dukes of Brabant, 1612

1612

Copper coin. Obverse: between stars [=mint mark of Maastricht] crowned coat of arms. Reverse: between year on a cross of ragged staffs crowned coat of arms of Maastricht, below which the Golden Fleece. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-2163; its record gives material recorded as copper (metal…

Documented

Partial type record

Oord of Friesland, 1608

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Oord of Friesland, 1608

1608

Copper coin. Obverse: between value indication F O nobleman with cap to the right. In right hand sword. Reverse: on short flowered cross crowned coat of arms of Friesland. Year above crown in circumscription. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-2017; its record gives material recorded as copper…

Documented

Partial type record

Oord of Holland

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Oord of Holland

c. 1576 - c. 1578

Both sides, struck: Holland Maiden in the garden; with partially legible legend "AUX NOS IN NOM DOM". The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as NG-NM-7747-4; its record gives material recorded as copper (metal); technique striking (metalworking); measurements diameter 2.4 cm.

Documented

Partial type record

Oord of King Philip II, Duke of Brabant, 1583

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Oord of King Philip II, Duke of Brabant, 1583

1583

Copper coin. Obverse: crowned bust of the king facing left. Below it the year in two parts, between which is the mint mark: little tree [='s-Hertogenbosch]. Reverse: crowned coat of arms. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-2150; its record gives material recorded as copper (metal); technique s…

Documented

Partial type record

Oord of the city of Utrecht in the name of Philip II, 1579

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Oord of the city of Utrecht in the name of Philip II, 1579

1579

Copper coin. Obverse: crowned coat of arms of Austria-Burgundy. Reverse: coat of arms of the city of Utrecht on a long floriated cross, with the digits of the date at the corners of the coat of arms. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-1832; its record gives material recorded as copper (metal);…

Documented

Partial type record

Oord, quarter stuiver of the Catharina Hospital of Leiden, circulated in the period 1573-1576 as small change in Leiden

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Oord, quarter stuiver of the Catharina Hospital of Leiden, circulated in the period 1573-1576 as small change in Leiden

1573

Silver medal. Obverse: crowned wheel. Reverse: coat of arms below date within inscription. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as NG-VG-17-109; its record gives material recorded as silver (metal); technique striking (metalworking); measurements diameter 2 cm x weight 1.14 g.

Documented

Partial type record

Öre from Nyköping in Sweden of Gustaf II Adolf, 1627

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Öre from Nyköping in Sweden of Gustaf II Adolf, 1627

1627

Copper coin. Obverse: crowned composite coat of arms. Reverse: griffin to the left. Value indication 1 ör in the field. Year XX7 in legend. Plain edge. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-2950; its record gives material recorded as copper (metal); technique striking (metalworking); measurements…

Documented

Partial type record

Öre Silver Mynt from Sweden of Frederik I, 1737

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Öre Silver Mynt from Sweden of Frederik I, 1737

1737

Copper coin. Obverse: monogram of two letters F between three crowns. Royal crown above. Reverse: two crossed arrows, above which is a crown and below which is the year. Value indication in the field. Cable edge. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-2985; its record gives material recorded as co…

Documented

Partial type record

Ort or 18 groschen from Poland of John II Casimir, 1650

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Ort or 18 groschen from Poland of John II Casimir, 1650

1650

Silver coin. Obverse: laureate bust of the ruler to the right. Reverse: crowned coat of arms between value indication 1 8. Year at the end of the legend. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-3671; its record gives material recorded as silver (metal); technique striking (metalworking); measuremen…

Documented

Partial type record

Osella from the Republic of Venice of Doge Giovanni Cornaro, 1629

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Osella from the Republic of Venice of Doge Giovanni Cornaro, 1629

1629

Silver coin. Obverse: on the left Saint Mark, seated, and on the right the doge, kneeling, between them a lance surmounted by a cross, which both are holding. In the exergue the letters D and B [=mintmaster Domenego Basadonna]. Reverse: man, bareheaded, kneeling before the altar. In the exergue in two lines: Anno V…

Documented

Partial type record

Ottoman Empire, Serbia, Sultan Sulaiman I, akce, 926 [=1520]

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Ottoman Empire, Serbia, Sultan Sulaiman I, akce, 926 [=1520]

1520

Silver coin. Obverse: three-line inscription in Arabic letters?. Reverse: three-line inscription in Arabic letters, with mint place indication: Sidrah Kipsi [=Semendria, southeast of Belgrade]. Below it, the year: 926. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-3693; its record gives material recorded…

Documented

Partial type record

OTTOMAN GOLD COIN — 100 KURUŞ

The Bidder / Invaluable

modern coins

OTTOMAN GOLD COIN — 100 KURUŞ

1906–7

Ottoman gold coin — 100 Kuruş, Sultan Abdülhamid II. Struck in 22-carat gold (91.7%), Istanbul. Above the tughra small five-pointed stars are set, and the entire design is encircled by an intertwined wreath of laurel branches and lances beneath a peripheral star ornament. The reverse carries a traditional decorated…

Probable

Partial type record

Ottoman kurus

Wójcicki - Polish Auction House Premium Auction 18 (via NumisBids)

modern coins

Ottoman kurus

18th to 20th century

The Ottoman kuruş, widely referred to in European languages as the piastre, was introduced in 1688 as a major coin of the Ottoman monetary system. Subdivided into 40 para or 120 akçe, it served as the empire's principal unit of account and currency standard until the monetary reforms of the mid-nineteenth century. I…

Documented

Partial type record

Overijssel 1/5 Philipsthaler of Philip II, 1567

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Overijssel 1/5 Philipsthaler of Philip II, 1567

1567

Silver coin. Obverse: between two firesteels, crowned Spanish-Burgundian coat of arms on a cross of Burgundy. Reverse: portrait of Philip II facing right, date below. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-1908; its record gives material recorded as silver (metal); technique striking (metalworking…

Documented

Partial type record

Overijssel bezemstuiver, 1739

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Overijssel bezemstuiver, 1739

1739

Silver coin. Obverse: three-line inscription, above which mintmaster mark and below which date. Reverse: within a laurel wreath, between value indication I S, bundle of arrows. Plain edge. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-1921; its record gives material recorded as silver (metal); technique…

Documented

Partial type record

Overijssel duit, 1766

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Overijssel duit, 1766

1766

Copper coin. Obverse: crowned provincial coat of arms between motto. Reverse: two-line inscription, surmounted by privy mark and with year below. Beneath, between orange branches, bust of Prince William V. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-1928; its record gives material recorded as copper (m…

Documented

Partial type record

Overijssel leeuwendaalder, 1677

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Overijssel leeuwendaalder, 1677

1677

Silver coin. Obverse: helmeted knight looking to the right, before him a coat of arms with lion suspended from a ribbon. Reverse: rampant lion facing left. Date at top in inscription. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-1908B; its record gives material recorded as silver (metal); technique stri…

Documented

Partial type record

Overijssel statenoord in the name of Philip II

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Overijssel statenoord in the name of Philip II

1577 - 1578

Copper coin. Obverse: bust of Philip II facing left. Reverse: crowned Burgundian coat of arms encircled by the collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-1909; its record gives material recorded as copper (metal); technique striking (metalworking); measurement…

Documented

Partial type record

Overijssel, Duit, 1767. Strike in Silver

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Overijssel, Duit, 1767. Strike in Silver

1767

Silver coin. Obverse: crowned provincial coat of arms between motto. Reverse: two-line inscription, above which the mintmaster's mark and below which the date. Below that, between orange branches, the bust of Prince William V. Cable edge. Strike in silver. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-19…

Documented

Partial type record

Overijssel, Dutch rijksdaalder, 1620

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Overijssel, Dutch rijksdaalder, 1620

1620

Silver coin. Obverse: crowned coat of arms of the Generality between year. Reverse: laureate and cuirassed bust facing right, holding a sword in the right hand and a provincial coat of arms on a ribbon in the left hand. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-1908A; its record gives material record…

Documented

Partial type record

Overstrike of two centimes from Belgium in the name of Leopold I, struck on the flan of a Dutch cent.

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Overstrike of two centimes from Belgium in the name of Leopold I, struck on the flan of a Dutch cent.

1833

Copper coin. Part of the type. Obverse: seated lion looking back to the left with a panel bearing an inscription under its right paw. Value designation in the exergue. Reverse: crowned monogram. Date at the bottom. On a flan of a Dutch cent. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-2678; its record…

Documented

Partial type record

Pagoda for Madras in India from the English East India Company (EIC), (1807)

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Pagoda for Madras in India from the English East India Company (EIC), (1807)

1807

Gold coin. Obverse: within a circle formed by a belt with buckle, a temple gopuram surrounded by stars. On the buckle, value indication in English: 'pagoda', and in Arabic characters. Reverse: within a circle formed by a ribbon bearing the value indication in Tamil and Telugu, deity half-length, standing, in a field…

Documented

Partial type record

Pagoda from Mysore in India of Haidar Ali, 1761-1782

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Pagoda from Mysore in India of Haidar Ali, 1761-1782

1761 - 1782

Gold coin. Obverse: two figures standing side by side [Uma-Maheshvara type]. Reverse: Arabic character H, on a granulated field. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-3848; its record gives material recorded as gold (metal); technique striking (metalworking); measurements diameter 1.1 cm x weight…

Documented

Partial type record

Paisa of the first size from the Kingdom of Jaunpur in India of Husain Shah, 868 [=1463]

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Paisa of the first size from the Kingdom of Jaunpur in India of Husain Shah, 868 [=1463]

1463

Copper coin. Obverse: inscription in Arabic characters with the name of the Shah. Reverse: inscription in Arabic characters in four lines with indication of date. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-3836; its record gives material recorded as copper (metal); technique striking (metalworking); m…

Documented

Partial type record

Paisa or 20 cash from Mysore in India of Sri Krishnaraja Wadiyar, 1799-1868

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Paisa or 20 cash from Mysore in India of Sri Krishnaraja Wadiyar, 1799-1868

1810 - 1833

Copper coin. Obverse: elephant draped in caparisons walking to the left. Above it, between the sun and moon, the designation Sri in Kannada script, below which a one-line inscription. Reverse: three-line inscription in Kannada script. Below it, value designation: XX Cash. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this objec…

Documented

Partial type record

Pakistan early rupee coinage

Almazi via Wikimedia Commons

modern coins

Pakistan early rupee coinage

from 1948

Pakistan early rupee coinage comprises the initial coin series issued by Pakistan beginning in 1948 following the partition of British India. These issues served to replace British Indian coins in general circulation, maintaining the established division of one rupee into 16 annas, with each anna equalling 4 pice or…

Documented

Partial type record

Palatinate-Zweibrücken, Christian IV, 12 Kreuzer, 1759

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Palatinate-Zweibrücken, Christian IV, 12 Kreuzer, 1759

1759

Silver coin. Obverse: crowned decorated composite coat of arms surmounted by a hat. Reverse: value indication in three lines, below which the letter M. Smooth edge. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-1194A; its record gives material recorded as silver (metal); technique striking (metalworking)…

Documented

Partial type record

Palatinate-Zweibrücken, Johann I, 3 Kreuzer, 1602

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Palatinate-Zweibrücken, Johann I, 3 Kreuzer, 1602

1602

Silver coin. Obverse: composite coat of arms, above which the date. Reverse: crowned double-headed eagle with the numeral 3 on its breast within a circle. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-1194; its record gives material recorded as silver (metal); technique striking (metalworking); measureme…

Documented

Partial type record

Palembang, Sumatra, Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II, pitis, AH 1216 (1801)

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Palembang, Sumatra, Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II, pitis, AH 1216 (1801)

1801

Tin octagonal coin. Obverse: circumscription in Arabic characters, between which is the year in the Islamic calendar. Reverse, smooth. In the centre a round hole. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-4379; its record gives material recorded as tin (metal); technique casting; measurements diamete…

Documented

Partial type record

Palembang, Sumatra, Sultan Muhammad Bahauddin, pitis

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Palembang, Sumatra, Sultan Muhammad Bahauddin, pitis

1769 - 1798

Tin coin. Obverse: circumscription in Arabic characters, between which is the year in the Islamic calendar. Reverse, smooth. In the centre a round hole. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-4378; its record gives material recorded as tin (metal); technique casting; measurements diameter 1.9 cm x…

Documented

Partial type record

Palembang, Sumatra, Sultan Muhammad Bahauddin, pitis, AH 1203 (1788)

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Palembang, Sumatra, Sultan Muhammad Bahauddin, pitis, AH 1203 (1788)

1788 - 1789

Tin coin. Obverse: circumscription in Arabic characters, between which is the year in the Islamic calendar. Reverse, smooth. In the centre a round hole. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-4376; its record gives material recorded as tin (metal); technique casting; measurements diameter 1.8 cm x…

Documented

Partial type record

Papal States scudo

Antonio Travani

modern coins

Papal States scudo

Before 1870

The Papal States scudo, also known as the Roman scudo, was the principal silver denomination and official monetary unit of the temporal realm of the Papal States. Deriving its name from the Latin word scutum, meaning shield, the term was applied across the Italian peninsula from the sixteenth century to designate la…

Documented

Partial type record

Papal States, Pope Clement XI, scudo, 1708

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Papal States, Pope Clement XI, scudo, 1708

1708

Silver coin. Obverse: decorated coat of arms, above which two crossed keys. Above that a tiara. In the legend the date: An VIII. Reverse: within rich Baroque decoration, inscription in three lines, below which coat of arms with hat. Plain edge. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as NG-VG-1-1984-B; its rec…

Documented

Partial type record

Papal States, Pope Gregory XVI, baiocco, 1840

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Papal States, Pope Gregory XVI, baiocco, 1840

1840

Copper coin. Obverse: ornate coat of arms, surmounted by two crossed keys. Above that a tiara. Reverse: within two tied branches the denomination indication in one line, below which the date. Plain edge. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-3217; its record gives material recorded as copper (met…

Documented

Partial type record

Papal States, Pope Pius IX, 20 baiocchi, 1865

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Papal States, Pope Pius IX, 20 baiocchi, 1865

1865

Silver coin. Obverse: portrait of the pope facing left. In the legend the date: An XX = 1865. Reverse: within two tied branches the denomination indication in two lines, below which the date. At the bottom the letter R. Milled edge. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-3223A; its record gives ma…

Documented

Partial type record

Papal States, Pope Pius IX, grosso di rame of 5 baiocchi, 1849

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Papal States, Pope Pius IX, grosso di rame of 5 baiocchi, 1849

1849

Copper coin. Obverse: between two crossed branches an ornate coat of arms, surmounted by two crossed keys. Above that a tiara. Reverse: within two tied branches the denomination indication: 5 baiocchi in two lines, below which the date. Below that the letter R [=Rome]. Plain edge. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds t…

Documented

Partial type record

Para from Egypt of Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II, regnal year 19 [=1893]

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Para from Egypt of Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II, regnal year 19 [=1893]

1893

Nickel coin. Obverse: within a wreath of flowers, tughra with a sprig of leaves to the right. Below the tughra, in two lines, the regnal year: 12. Reverse: within a legend in Arabic letters, including mint place designation: Misr [=Egypt] on denomination designation, 1. Below denomination designation, accession year…

Documented

Partial type record

Para from Libya of the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II, regnal year 25 [= 1832]

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Para from Libya of the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II, regnal year 25 [= 1832]

1832

Copper coin. Obverse: arabesque, surrounded by a legend in Arabic letters. At the top, accession year: 1223 [= 1808]. Reverse: four-line inscription in Arabic letters with mint indication: Tarablusi gharb [= Tripoli in Libya]. At the top of the inscription, regnal year: 25. Plain edge. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, ho…

Documented

Partial type record

Para from Libya of the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II, regnal year 26 [= 1833]

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Para from Libya of the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II, regnal year 26 [= 1833]

1833

Copper coin. Obverse: arabesque, surrounded by a legend in Arabic letters. At the top, accession year: 1223 [= 1808]. Reverse: four-line inscription in Arabic letters with mint indication: Tarablusi gharb [= Tripoli in Libya]. At the top of the inscription, regnal year: 26. Plain edge. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, ho…

Documented

Partial type record

Para from Tunisia of Sultan Ahmed VI Mohammed Khan

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Para from Tunisia of Sultan Ahmed VI Mohammed Khan

c. 1750 - c. 1850

Silver rectangular coin. Obverse: four-line inscription in Arabic script. Reverse: five-line inscription in Arabic script. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-5072B; its record gives material recorded as silver (metal); technique striking (metalworking); measurements length 1.3 cm x width 1.1 c…

Documented

Partial type record

Paraguay, 2 centesimos, 1868

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Paraguay, 2 centesimos, 1868

1868

Copper coin. Obverse: seated lion facing right with an upright arrow behind it, on the point of which is a Phrygian cap surrounded by rays. Year at the bottom. Reverse: value designation: dos cents. on two lines. Plain edge. Pattern. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-5327; its record gives ma…

Documented

Partial type record

Patacão of 2000 reis of the Empire of Brazil of D. Pedro II, 1852

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Patacão of 2000 reis of the Empire of Brazil of D. Pedro II, 1852

1852

Silver coin. Obverse: within a circle of flowers, value indication: 2000. In legend at bottom, year. Reverse: between two tied branches, crowned coat of arms of Brazil. Milled edge. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-5323; its record gives material recorded as silver (metal); technique strikin…

Documented

Partial type record

Pattern coin, 1/2 Rupee, India, 1793

Museums Victoria / Photographer: Heath Warwick

modern coins

Pattern coin, 1/2 Rupee, India, 1793

1793 AD

1/2 Rupee or 1/2 Mohur silver pattern, 1793 - proposed coins for Bengal, India Minted by Calcutta Mint Struck from unfinished dies with edge milled left Obverse: Persian couplet (Pridmore 11) (translation: Defender of the religion of Muhammad. Shah Alam. Emperor. Shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the sev…

Documented

Partial type record

Pattern coin, 30 Lepta, Greece, 1862

Museums Victoria / Photographer: Jennifer McNair

modern coins

Pattern coin, 30 Lepta, Greece, 1862

1862 AD

Pattern 30 Lepta, issued by Ionian Islands, Greece, 1862. Minted by Royal Mint, London. This coin contains two obverse's: the winged lion from the 1 lepton and the 30 in an oak wreath from the 30 Lepta, rather than an obverse and reverse. The reverse for the 30 Lepta was Britannia seated facing right with shield and…

Documented

Partial type record

Pattern strike for a gold ducat

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Pattern strike for a gold ducat

1849

Strike of a gold ducat - without legend on the obverse - on a copper flan. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as NG-2023-69; its record gives material recorded as copper (metal); technique striking (metalworking); measurements diameter 2.1 mm.

Documented

Partial type record

Pattern strike for a guilder of the Kingdom of Holland, 1808

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Pattern strike for a guilder of the Kingdom of Holland, 1808

1808

Bronze coin. Obverse: six-line inscription with the name Salneuve. Reverse: six-line inscription, below which the date. Edge lettering. Pattern strike in bronze the size of a guilder with edge lettering according to the Salneuve system. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-2200B; its record give…

Documented

Partial type record

Pegione from Milan of Galeazzo II Visconti, 1354-1378

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

modern coins

Pegione from Milan of Galeazzo II Visconti, 1354-1378

1354 - 1378

Silver coin. Obverse: within a quatrefoil, between two Gothic letters, the coat of arms of Milan. Reverse: seated bishop with crozier and other attributes. The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, holds this object as KOG-MP-1-3159; its record gives material recorded as silver (metal); technique striking (metalworking); measurem…

Documented

Partial type record