Astronomical Compendium by Ulrich Schniep, 1563

Technical characteristics

Date

1563

Type

German astronomical compendium

Maker

Ulrich Schniep

Function

Universal equinoctial sundial adaptation

Material

Gilt brass

Signature

[star] VLRICVS SCHNIEP HOC OPVS FECIT MONACHY [star] ANNO [star] 1563 [star]

Inscriptions

Table of latitudes on base

Place recorded

Germany

Maker / attribution

Ulrich Schniep

Design

Visible features

• Gilt brass construction with foliate engraving in corners • Compass rose features green and red enamelled triangular indicators • Folding gnomon with spring mechanism for vertical deployment • Acid-etched zodiac signs and hour scales on the inner cover

Compass and Geographic Data

The internal compass features a 28 mm diameter bowl and is designed for adjustment relative to magnetic variation. The base plate includes two distinct scales: one measuring degrees and another consisting of equal parts. The compass rose, surrounding the base, uses a color-coded system of red, green, and black enamelled pointers to denote 32 directions, with German and Latin nomenclature. The underside of the compendium box contains a 'TABVLA LATITVDINIS REGIONVM'. This reference table lists 69 locations in an approximately alphabetical format. It incorporates diverse geographic locations, including those beyond Europe, such as Antioch and Alexandria, demonstrating the scope of the instrument's intended geographical utility.

Structural Design and Signature

The compendium is constructed as a square gilt brass box featuring a hinged top cover. The exterior edges of the box are engraved with the maker's signature, identifying Ulrich Schniep of Munich and the date of completion, 1563. The decoration employs a combination of acid-etching and engraving, including foliate motifs in the corners of the box plates. The instrument is accompanied by a tooled leather pasteboard case. The dimensions and fit of this case suggest it may not be original to the compendium, as it appears oversized for the primary object. The main housing incorporates a compass with a silvered base plate and an enamelled compass rose indicating 32 directional points.

Timekeeping and Astronomical Functions

The device contains a complex array of astronomical functions. The outer cover face includes a nocturnal and volvelle system for determining time through stellar observation. A silver subsidiary volvelle located within the center of the primary volvelle allows for the conversion between equal and Italian hours. The reverse side of the cover functions as an inclining sundial. It is equipped with a small folding gnomon and features declination lines for solar positions. Adjustment to latitude is achieved through an internal mechanism that uses a brass bar to incline the dial plate according to a marked scale. Later modifications included the removal of certain zodiac images to accommodate a specific latitude scale and an additional folding arm, enabling universal equinoctial sundial functionality.

Identification

Reference

50108

Source note

Facts transcribed from the linked source listing or collection record. Attribution and specifications are source-reported and have not been independently authenticated.

Catalogue references

No catalogue numbers recorded. Numbers are only published once transcribed from a verified edition of a standard catalogue — they are never inferred.