Presidential series definitive stamps

The Presidential series, also known as the Presidential Issue or Prexies, is a group of definitive postage stamps issued in 1938 by the United States Post Office to meet everyday postal needs. Totalling 32 stamps, it was the largest definitive series released by the postal administration up to that time. The series portrays all 29 American presidents who held office between 1789 and 1928, from George Washington to Calvin Coolidge, alongside fractional-cent denominations showing Benjamin Franklin, Martha Washington, and an engraving of the White House.

The project was conceived in 1933 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to honour deceased former presidents. Following a national design competition in 1937, artist Elaine Rawlinson won first prize with a profile portrait of Washington based on a bust by Jean-Antoine Houdon, which served as the template for the series. The stamps systematically encoded presidential succession, with single-cent denominations matching the accession order of the first 22 presidents. After an adjustment accommodating Grover Cleveland's non-consecutive terms, Benjamin Harrison was allocated to the 24-cent value and William McKinley to the 25-cent value, before higher denominations departed from the numerical sequence.

The stamps feature uniform intaglio profile busts against solid backgrounds of colour. On denominations up to 50 cents, the subject's name and dates of tenure appear in capitals to the right of the portrait, with single-line borders framing the 10 to 19-cent values and double-line borders surrounding the 20 to 50-cent stamps. These lower values were rotary-press printed in single colours and perforated 11 by 10½. By contrast, the 1, 2, and 5-dollar values were flat-plate printed with black-and-white portraits set between coloured columns and stars, perforated 11 on all sides. Several printing and perforation varieties also exist across the issue.

Confirm whether values up to 50 cents feature rotary-press perforations of 11 by 10½, or flat-plate perforations of 11 on the bi-coloured dollar denominations.