Sovereign: George III (obverse); St. George and the Dragon (Cleveland Museum of Art 1969.212)

Great changes had occurred since King George III's previous coinage. The Royal Mint had moved out of the Tower of London to new premises in Little Tower Hill. The new mint was fitted with the latest steam-driven machinery by Boulton and Watt, and the whole coinage had been reformed. The guinea of twenty-one shillings was replaced by the sovereign, the pound unit piece, designed by Benedetto Pistrucci, and went into circulation in 1817. The new Royal Mint was placed under the Mastership of William Wellesley Pole, later Lord Maryborough and finally the third Earl of Mornington, an elder brother of the famous Duke of Wellington. Pole was so impressed by a cameo of Saint George and the dragon, cut by Pistrucci, that he invited the artist to England and set him to design the new coinage. For legal reasons Pistrucci could not be appointed chief engraver, which started a quarrel between the artist and the government that lasted nearly 40 years until the Pistrucci's death in 1855. Working with, and often against, various members of the family who held a succession of engraving appointments at the Royal Mint, Pistrucci produced the new coinage of the reign of George III. His magnificent Saint George, seen to its best on this very rare piece, continued to be used from time to time. It is still the reverse type of the British sovereign. Cleveland Museum of Art object 1969.212: Sovereign: George III (obverse); St. George and the Dragon (reverse), 1817. Design by after Benedetto Pistrucci (Italian, 1784–1855). Gold; diameter: 2.2 cm (7/8 in.). Inscribed: GEORGIUS III D.G. BRITANNIAR. REX F.D. (George III by the Grace of God, King of the British territories, Defender of the Faith); HONI ∙ SOIT ∙ QUI ∙ MAL ∙ Y ∙ PENSE (May he be shamed who thinks badly of it). Details are those of this museum object; how far it represents a wider type has not been independently verified.